Acne is a skin condition that causes pimples, cysts, blackheads, whiteheads and redness. It typically appears on the face, but can also be seen on the chest, back and upper arms. Acne is most common during puberty, but has been known to develop in people of all ages from infants to adults. When the pores of the skin become blocked, either from the overproduction of oil or from tiny bits of dirt and debris floating in the air, acne is likely to form. Statistically, acne is the most common skin condition in the United States and affects 85% of people at some point in their lives. Contrary to popular belief, acne should never be picked, popped, or squeezed, as these actions increase the risk of infection and promote the development of cysts.
Sometimes, the pre-disposition to develop acne is hereditary and can be triggered by hormones, pregnancy, and even stress. Acne can also be a side effect of steroids, testosterone supplements, and certain other drugs. Dense humidity and profuse sweating may also lead to acne. Some dermatologists believe that diets high in refined sugar can lead to acne outbreaks, but whether or not all junk food directly leads to acne has yet to be confirmed by research.
Since clogged pores cause acne, care should be taken to keep pores free from dirt and debris. One way to help pores stay clean is twice daily washing of the face and other areas affected by acne in a warm solution of mild soap and water. Dermatologists also recommend a switch from oil based skin care products and cosmetics to water based. Oil based products are more likely to trap dirt and debris in the pores, further promoting acne. Hats and headbands should be avoided because they don't allow pores to breathe, and contact between the hands and potential acne breakout areas should be kept to a minimum to keep dirt from the hands out of the pores on the face.
Different forms of medications are available that can treat acne and are available as topical ointments and in pill form. Some treatments work by killing the bacteria around acne, drying the area of excess oils, or even forcing the skin to peel, promoting new and healthy skin growth. Some people have attempted to treat acne with sun exposure, but this is not recommended because the ultraviolet rays of the sun can cause more damage to the skin over time than the acne. Also, sun exposure does not actually treat acne; it only masks it and makes it less visible.
In cases of severe acne, dermatologists may recommend laser therapy or chemical peels, but only after less invasive options to treat acne have failed. Individuals undergoing treatment for acne require a lot of patience because it can take up to two months for the skin to respond to treatments, and the first treatment may not always be the successful treatment. Most cases of acne clear up after the teenage years, but a small percentage of people will continue to develop acne into middle and late adulthood.
Dr. Rosenfeld has been practicing as a pediatrician in private practice for over 17 years. She is Board Certified and a Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. In 1994, Dr. Rosenfeld joined Children's Medical Group and has remained there as a long-term primary caregiver to her young patients in North San Diego County. Dr. Rosenfeld practices direct patient care in the office and hospital setting, as well as a number of other clinical functions. In addition to her clinical roles, Dr. Rosenfeld has worked extensively with pediatric policy.
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